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What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...

What is Gene Expression?

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DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Updated: May 5, 2026

Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine

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Expression Atlas update--a database of gene and transcript expression from microarray- and sequencing-based

Robert Petryszak¹, Tony Burdett, Benedetto Fiorelli

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK.

Nucleic Acids Research

|December 6, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Expression Atlas is an updated database offering gene and splice variant expression data from curated experiments. It now includes baseline expression levels and biologically meaningful comparisons for enhanced biological insights.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Expression Atlas is a database detailing gene, protein, and splice variant expression.
It utilizes high-quality microarray and RNA-sequencing experiments from ArrayExpress.
Experiments are manually curated and annotated using Experimental Factor Ontology terms.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new version of the Expression Atlas database.
To enhance the biological value and accessibility of gene expression data.
To provide standardized analysis methods and robust quality control.

Main Methods:

Integration of curated microarray and RNA-sequencing data.
Standardized analysis pipelines for gene and splice variant expression.
In-depth curation of experimental intent for meaningful comparisons ('contrasts').

Main Results:

Introduction of 'baseline' expression for healthy or untreated conditions.
Generation of biologically meaningful differential gene expression contrasts.
Inclusion of gene set level expression data and an improved search interface.

Conclusions:

The updated Expression Atlas provides a valuable resource for understanding gene expression across various biological contexts.
The focus on baseline expression and curated contrasts enhances the biological interpretation of differential expression data.
Advanced data processing and quality control ensure high-quality, reliable expression information.