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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra....
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function
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[Male infertility: recent developments].

E Nieschlag1

  • 1Centrum für Reproduktionsmedizin und Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48129, Münster, Deutschland, Eberhard.Nieschlag@ukmuenster.de.

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
|December 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Male infertility affects half of infertile couples, yet remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Advances like intracytoplasmic sperm injection offer hope, but male fertility decline with age is often overlooked.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Andrology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Male infertility is a significant factor in approximately 50% of infertile couples.
  • Despite public concern over a "sperm crisis," male fertility decline beyond age 40 and associated genetic risks are often neglected.
  • Routine male infertility evaluation includes physical examination, scrotal ultrasonography, semen analysis, hormone assays, and genetic testing.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the persistent neglect in male infertility examination and treatment.
  • To emphasize the importance of age-related fertility decline and genetic risks in males.
  • To review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for male infertility.

Summary:

  • Diagnostic tools include physical exams, imaging, semen analysis (WHO guidelines), hormone tests, and genetic analyses.
  • Effective treatments exist for specific conditions like hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and sexually transmitted infections.
  • Preventive measures include early treatment of undescended testes and lifestyle modifications.
  • Evidence-based medicine has shown many empirical treatments, such as varicocele interventions, to be ineffective.
  • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the leading treatment for severe male factor infertility, though it is symptomatic.

Impact:

  • Promotes greater attention to male factor infertility in clinical practice and research.
  • Encourages earlier and more comprehensive evaluation of male partners in infertile couples.
  • Highlights the limitations of current treatments and the need for further advancements in male reproductive health.