Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

1.1K
Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
1.1K
Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

11.9K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
11.9K
Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

44.1K
Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
44.1K
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

8.7K
Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
8.7K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.7K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
2.7K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

51.6K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
51.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anticipatory and theme-specific neural oscillations predict aesthetic evaluation of poetry.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Consistency and changes in eye movements during static, dynamic, and audio-visual emotion processing.

Perception·2026
Same author

An EEG Dataset on Aesthetic and Creative Judgments of Brief Structured Poetry.

Scientific data·2025
Same author

Predict the writer's trait emotional intelligence from reproduced calligraphy.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms predict increased fronto-parahippocampal synchronisation during thought suppression.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2025
Same author

Cardiac cycle modulates alpha and beta suppression during motor imagery.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

18.1K

Processing graded feedback: electrophysiological correlates of learning from small and large errors.

Caroline Di Bernardi Luft1, Emilio Takase, Joydeep Bhattacharya

  • 1University of London.

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learning from errors involves distinct brain responses. Large errors elicit higher feedback-related negativity (FRN), while small errors engage motor areas and enhance learning consolidation, particularly in high-learners.

More Related Videos

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.1K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

18.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

18.1K
Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

6.1K
Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity
11:56

Slice Patch Clamp Technique for Analyzing Learning-Induced Plasticity

Published on: November 11, 2017

18.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Skill Learning

Background:

  • Skill consolidation relies on feedback processing.
  • Electrophysiological differences exist between correct and incorrect feedback.
  • Learning from varying error magnitudes is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate electrophysiological differences in processing small versus large error feedback.
  • Examine how these differences relate to skill consolidation in high- and low-learners.
  • Identify the role of motor areas in error feedback processing for skill learning.

Main Methods:

  • Time estimation task with small and large error feedback.
  • Analysis of electrophysiological data (FRN, P300, alpha/beta bands, phase synchronization).
  • Separate analysis for high- and low-learners.

Main Results:

  • Large error feedback increased feedback-related negativity (FRN) in both learner groups.
  • Small error feedback increased P300 amplitude and motor area activity.
  • High-learners showed localized beta desynchronization and increased midfrontal-left central phase synchronization, correlated with consolidation.
  • Low-learners exhibited widespread alpha desynchronization.

Conclusions:

  • Small errors, not just large ones, elicit significant neural responses crucial for skill consolidation.
  • Motor area engagement and specific oscillatory patterns (especially in high-learners) are key to learning from errors.
  • Error magnitude processing differs electrophysiologically and impacts skill consolidation.