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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

14.9K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Leaking heart: ticking time bomb!

Punnaiah Marella1, Hassan Hussein2, Naveen Rajpurohit3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Banner Estrella Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

North American Journal of Medical Sciences
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac rupture, a rare complication of acute myocardial infarction, can present subtly as subacute cases. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical for survival despite high risks.

Keywords:
Acute myocardial infarctionEchocardiographyPericardial effusionVentricular free wall rupture

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Cardiac rupture is a severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • It often occurs within a week but can present as a subacute form, complicating diagnosis.
  • Delayed or missed diagnosis of cardiac rupture is frequently fatal.

Observation:

  • An elderly male presented with hypotension and dizziness.
  • Subacute cardiac rupture was suspected due to symptom timeline, ECG, and lab findings.
  • A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing cardiac rupture.

Findings:

  • Subacute cardiac rupture may have a less dramatic presentation than acute rupture.
  • These cases can rapidly progress to a life-threatening blowout rupture.
  • Surgical treatment is mandatory but associated with significant mortality.

Implications:

  • Subacute cardiac rupture requires prompt recognition and management.
  • Emergent echocardiography can aid in rapid diagnosis.
  • Timely surgical intervention is essential for improving outcomes in cardiac rupture.