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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.4K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:26

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

377
Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
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Three-Dimensional Particle Shape Analysis Using X-ray Computed Tomography: Experimental Procedure and Analysis Algorithms for Metal Powders
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Entropically patchy particles: engineering valence through shape entropy.

Greg van Anders1, N Khalid Ahmed, Ross Smith

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States.

ACS Nano
|December 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce entropically patchy particles, where particle shape creates directional bonding for self-assembly. This offers a new way to engineer nanoparticle structures using geometry, complementing traditional enthalpic methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Nanoparticle Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Patchy particles, with interactions from coatings or molecules, enable directional binding for self-assembly.
  • While particle shape influences interactions, its entropic contribution to self-assembly is less understood.
  • Recent work reveals directional entropic forces, suggesting an entropic basis for patchiness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce "entropically patchy particles" as an entropic counterpart to enthalpically patchy particles.
  • Demonstrate how geometric modifications to particle shapes can control self-assembly into targeted crystal structures.
  • Quantify the emergent entropic forces and generalize the concept to shape anisotropy dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to assemble particles with modified shapes.
  • Employed a theoretical framework to define and quantify directional entropic forces.
  • Calculated emergent entropic valence using potential of mean force and torque.

Main Results:

  • Showed that geometric features on particles create "entropic patchiness."
  • Quantified emergent entropic forces on the order of a few kBT at intermediate densities.
  • Generalized shape operations to shape anisotropy dimensions, analogous to enthalpic patchiness.

Conclusions:

  • Entropically patchy particles offer a method to engineer directional bonding in nanoparticle systems.
  • This approach provides control over self-assembly through particle geometry, independent of enthalpic interactions.
  • Findings expand the design principles for creating ordered nanostructures.