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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

3.7K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Overview
66.2K
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
9.6K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

7.2K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
7.2K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

1.2K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.2K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

6.9K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
6.9K

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Updated: May 4, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles TRECs and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles KRECs by Real-time PCR
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[Primary and secondary immunodeficiencies].

Nathan Cantoni1, Mike Recher2

  • 1Hämatologie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Kantonsspital Aarau AG.

Therapeutische Umschau. Revue Therapeutique
|January 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) are rare genetic disorders causing immune dysfunction. This review covers PIDs and secondary immunodeficiencies in adults, focusing on diagnosis and immune dysregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Medicine

Context:

  • Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are rare genetic disorders affecting immune system function.
  • Over 180 distinct PIDs have been identified, presenting challenges in diagnosis, especially in adults.
  • Secondary causes of immunodeficiency must be ruled out, complicating the diagnostic process.

Purpose:

  • To review Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs) and secondary causes of immunodeficiency in the adult population.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology of selected immunodeficiencies and related immune dysregulation.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment considerations for adult PID patients.

Summary:

  • PIDs result in dysfunctional immunity, leading to recurrent infections and autoimmunity due to impaired immune tolerance.
  • While immunoglobulin replacement therapy is available for hypogammaglobulinemia, underlying cellular immune defects often remain uncorrectable.
  • This review emphasizes the complexities of diagnosing and managing PIDs in adults, differentiating them from secondary causes.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of PID and secondary immunodeficiency in adults.
  • Provides insights into diagnostic challenges and immune dysregulation mechanisms.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding the management of complex immune disorders in adult patients.