Explaining why larks are future-oriented and owls are present-oriented: self-control mediates the chronotype-time...

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Chronobiology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Existing research links chronotype (lark vs. owl) to time perspective (future vs. present orientation).
• This study investigates the replicability of these associations using diverse time perspective measures and explores the role of self-control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To replicate chronotype-time perspective associations with multiple measures.
• To examine the mediating role of self-control in these relationships.
• To investigate chronotype differences in future orientation and delay of gratification.

Main Methods:

• 142 New Zealand students completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) for chronotype.
• Time perspective was assessed using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and other measures.
• Self-control was measured to test its mediating effect.

Main Results:

• Chronotype-MEQ and ZTPI associations were replicated.
• Replication failed with other time perspective measures.
• Self-control mediated the effect of morningness on future time perspective and delay of gratification.

Conclusions:

• Chronotype-time perspective relationships are partially replicable, particularly with the ZTPI.
• Self-control is a significant mediator, explaining how morningness influences future orientation and delayed gratification.
• Findings contribute to understanding the interplay between biological rhythms, temporal cognition, and self-regulation.