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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Ego identity status, formal operations, and moral development.

Journal of youth and adolescence·2013
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The relative importance of identity status interview components.

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Moratorium-achievement (MAMA) cycles in lifespan identity development: value orientations and reasoning system correlates.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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Identity six years after: A follow-up study.

J E Marcia1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

Journal of Youth and Adolescence
|January 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

High identity status individuals showed more change over time, with Moratorium status changing completely. Intimate relationships and lifestyle openness were linked to identity status, influencing participation in campus demonstrations.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Longitudinal studies of identity development are crucial for understanding adult psychological progression.
  • Previous research established identity statuses, but their long-term stability and correlates require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-examine identity status in male subjects after 6-7 years.
  • To investigate the relationship between identity status, intimacy, lifestyle, and participation in historical events (1969-1970 campus demonstrations).
  • To explore the dynamic nature of identity statuses and propose a process-oriented approach.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design involving re-interviewing 30 male subjects previously assessed for identity status.
  • Assessment of current identity status, intimacy status, lifestyle, and participation in the 1969-1970 campus demonstrations.

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Main Results:

  • Higher identity status individuals exhibited greater change, with the Moratorium status showing a 100% change rate.
  • Establishment of intimate relationships correlated with both previous and current identity statuses.
  • Lifestyle patterns varied by status: Identity Achievement and Moratorium were 'open,' Foreclosure 'closed,' and Identity Diffusion 'diffuse.'
  • Higher current identity status was associated with more positive feelings and greater participation in campus demonstrations.

Conclusions:

  • Identity status is dynamic, particularly for those in higher statuses, suggesting a process-based model over a typological one.
  • A new status, Foreclosure/Diffusion, was identified.
  • The findings challenge previous typological views of identity, emphasizing its fluid and evolving nature throughout adulthood.