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Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
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Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Melatonin: delirium (postsurgical).

Joyce A Generali1, Dennis J Cada2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This guide helps healthcare professionals find literature on unapproved drug uses. It aids in determining the rationality of off-label prescriptions for patient care scenarios.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Practice

Background:

  • Off-label drug use refers to prescribing medications for conditions not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
  • Practitioners require reliable resources to navigate the complexities of evidence supporting these unapproved uses.
  • Existing literature on off-label drug use can be fragmented and challenging to access efficiently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a resource that consolidates information on off-label drug uses.
  • To assist healthcare professionals in identifying and evaluating published studies on unapproved drug indications.
  • To support rational clinical decision-making in patient care scenarios involving off-label prescriptions.

Main Methods:

  • The resource, 'Off-Label Drug Facts,' is a publication from Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • It functions as a practitioner-oriented guide to the existing literature on off-label drug uses.
  • The guide facilitates quick identification of relevant studies and provides references for further investigation.

Main Results:

  • The guide enables healthcare professionals to efficiently locate published studies on specific off-label drug applications.
  • It assists clinicians in assessing the scientific basis and rationality for using drugs in unapproved ways.
  • References are provided to direct users to comprehensive literature for informed patient care decisions.

Conclusions:

  • 'Off-Label Drug Facts' serves as a valuable tool for hospital pharmacists and clinicians.
  • The resource supports evidence-based practice by clarifying the literature on unapproved drug uses.
  • It empowers healthcare providers to make more informed decisions regarding off-label prescriptions.