Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

460
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
460
State Space Representation01:27

State Space Representation

785
The frequency-domain technique, commonly used in analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is effective for linear, time-invariant systems. However, it falls short when dealing with nonlinear, time-varying, and multiple-input multiple-output systems. The time-domain or state-space approach addresses these limitations by utilizing state variables to construct simultaneous, first-order differential equations, known as state equations, for an nth-order system.
Consider an RLC circuit, a...
785
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

1.1K
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
1.1K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

557
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
557
Transfer Function to State Space01:23

Transfer Function to State Space

985
State-space representation is a powerful tool for simulating physical systems on digital computers, necessitating the conversion of the transfer function into state-space form. Consider an nth-order linear differential equation with constant coefficients, like those encountered in an RLC circuit. The state variables are selected as the output and its n−1 derivatives. Differentiating these variables and substituting them back into the original equation produces the state equations.
In an...
985
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

593
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
593

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reliability enhancement with dependable model predictive control.

ISA transactions·2020
Same author

Robust and Accurate Capture of Human Joint Pose Using an Inertial Sensor.

IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine·2018
Same author

Perturbed cooperative-state feedback strategy for model predictive networked control of interconnected systems.

ISA transactions·2017
Same author

Reduction of chronic hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma with anti-viral therapy, including low risk patients.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2016
Same author

Entecavir safety and effectiveness in a national cohort of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients in the US - the ENUMERATE study.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2015
Same author

Dependable control systems with Internet of Things.

ISA transactions·2015
Same journal

Hybrid vehicle state estimation using closed-form liquid neural networks and nonlinear Kalman filtering.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Cross-coupled synchronization control strategy for rebar binding robots based on impedance control.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Gas flow tracking for electronic pressure control system in gas chromatography under state constraints and hysteresis:An innovative fuzzy adaptive control approach.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Stackelberg differential game-based fuzzy adaptive hierarchical optimal control for a nonlinear system with unknown dynamics.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Composite fault-tolerant predictive control strategy for PMSM demagnetization faults.

ISA transactions·2026
Same journal

Bias-compensated Q-learning for optimal tracking control under denial-of-service attacks.

ISA transactions·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.7K

Partial state estimation for linear systems with output and input time delays.

Q P Ha1, Nguyen D That2, Phan T Nam3

  • 1Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.

ISA Transactions
|January 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new method for designing partial state observers for linear systems with time delays in both output and control inputs. The approach ensures exponential convergence of observer errors, enhancing system stability analysis.

Keywords:
Delay decompositionLyapunov–Krasovskii functionalOutput and input delayPartial state observerε-Convergence

More Related Videos

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

9.4K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

1.7K
A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

9.4K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.1K

Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Systems Theory
  • Applied Mathematics

Background:

  • Linear systems are fundamental in control engineering.
  • Time delays in system measurements and control inputs pose significant challenges in observer design.
  • Partial state observers are crucial for estimating unmeasured states in complex systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for designing minimal-order partial state observers for linear systems with time delays.
  • To guarantee exponential convergence of observer errors for enhanced system performance.
  • To provide constructive design algorithms and validate their effectiveness through numerical examples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals with triple-integral terms.
  • Incorporating information from both delayed output and control input.
  • Deriving existence conditions using matrix inequalities.

Main Results:

  • A novel approach for minimal-order observer design is proposed.
  • Guaranteed ε-convergence with an exponential rate for observer errors.
  • Existence conditions established for systems with output and input delays, and output-only delays.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed observer design method is effective for linear systems with time delays.
  • The method ensures robust observer error convergence, crucial for system monitoring and control.
  • Numerical examples confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the developed design algorithms.