Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in Austria
Ninon Taylor1, Jan Marco Kern, Wolfgang Prammer
1Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Paracelsus Medical University Hospital Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria, n.taylor@salk.at.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infections are rare in Austria but present, often linked to migration from West Africa. Early diagnosis and differentiation from HIV-1 are crucial for effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The first documented case of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in Austria was in 1993.
- Prior to this study, no further HIV-2 infections had been published in Austria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiology of HIV-2 in Austria.
- To characterize circulating HIV-2 viral strains using serological and molecular methods.
Main Methods:
- Serological and molecular techniques were employed.
- Sequence analysis was performed on identified HIV-2 strains.
Main Results:
- Six additional HIV-2 cases were identified between 2000 and 2009.
- All identified patients originated from high-prevalence areas.
- One case involved dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), diagnosed 11 years after the initial HIV-1 diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Migration contributes to the global spread of HIV-2.
- Accurate diagnosis of HIV-2 is essential for appropriate therapeutic management to prevent treatment failure.
- Differential diagnosis between HIV-1 and HIV-2 can be challenging due to antibody cross-reactivity and may necessitate reassessment in patients from endemic regions.
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