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An immunohistochemical study in thyroid cancer.

C A Beltrami1, G Barbatelli, P Criante

  • 1Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italia.

Applied Pathology
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
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Immunohistochemical analysis investigated four thyroid cancer types. Specific markers like anticalcitonin and anti-CEA were highly expressed in medullary thyroid cancer, aiding in its characterization.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Immunohistochemistry

Background:

  • Thyroid cancers encompass several subtypes, including follicular, papillary, anaplastic, and medullary carcinomas.
  • Accurate diagnosis and characterization of these subtypes are crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of various immunohistochemical markers in different types of thyroid cancer.
  • To differentiate between thyroid cancer subtypes using specific antibody and hormone markers.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical methods were employed to analyze follicular, papillary, anaplastic, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.
  • Antibodies used included anti-S-100, antineuron-specific enolase (NSE), antikeratin, antithyroglobulin, anticalcitonin, anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA).

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  • Hormonal markers (gastrin, ACTH, serotonin) were also tested in medullary carcinoma.

    • Main Results:

    • Papillary and follicular carcinomas showed reactivity with anti-S-100 and antineuron-specific enolase (NSE).
    • Anaplastic neoplasms exhibited reactivity with anti-CEA and anti-EMA (37% each), among other markers.
    • Medullary carcinoma demonstrated high reactivity with anticalcitonin (100%) and anti-CEA (96%), and significant reactivity with anti-NSE (79%).

    Conclusions:

    • Immunohistochemical markers, particularly anticalcitonin and anti-CEA, are highly valuable for identifying medullary thyroid carcinoma.
    • While specific markers aid in subtyping, the virulence of medullary carcinoma could not be correlated with anticalcitonin and anti-CEA reactivity.
    • Hyperplastic C cells showed immunoreactivity for both calcitonin and CEA.