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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: May 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Author Spotlight: Advancements in DNA Nanosensors – Addressing Sensitivity and Selectivity Challenges in Molecular Detection

Published on: February 9, 2024

Recent advances in molecular recognition based on nanoengineered platforms.

Bin Mu¹, Jingqing Zhang, Thomas P McNicholas

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research

|January 29, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores advanced chemical interfaces on nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for sensitive biomolecular detection. These nanoengineered platforms enable label-free sensing of small molecules, glycans, and protein biomarkers with high specificity.

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Area of Science:

Nanomaterials Science
Chemical Biology
Biosensing Technologies

Background:

Nanoparticles and nanoengineered platforms offer versatile chemical interfaces for molecular recognition.
Chemical modification of these platforms enhances selectivity, sensitivity, and biocompatibility for biosensing.
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are particularly promising for advanced detection applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in chemical interfaces for molecular recognition on nanoparticles and nanoengineered platforms.
To highlight emerging approaches for detecting small molecules, glycosylated proteins, and serum biomarkers.
To showcase the potential of fluorescent SWNTs for glycan-lectin interactions and label-free protein biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

Noncovalent functionalization of SWNTs with chelated nickel groups for glycan-lectin interaction sensing.
Encapsulation of SWNTs in chitosan and modification with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) for protein-ligand binding detection.
Utilizing fluorescence modulation of SWNTs in response to molecular binding events for label-free detection.

Main Results:

Demonstrated sensitive and specific detection of glycan-lectin interactions using fluorescent SWNTs.
Achieved label-free detection of protein-protein interactions with SWNT-based fluorescence sensors down to 100 nM.
Engineered platforms capable of monitoring single protein binding events with detection limits as low as 10 pM.

Conclusions:

Chemical interfaces on nanomaterials, especially SWNTs, are highly effective for sensitive and selective biomolecular recognition.
Fluorometric detection with SWNTs offers a promising avenue for quantifying analytes and their localization in living systems.
Label-free detection methods based on nanomaterials significantly advance the analysis of glycans and protein biomarkers.