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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Performing and Processing FNA of Anterior Fat Pad for Amyloid
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Primary systemic amyloidosis with extensive gastrointestinal involvement.

V Gaduputi1, K Badipatla1, H Patel1

  • 1Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, New York, N.Y., USA.

Case Reports in Gastroenterology
|January 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights primary systemic light-chain amyloidosis, a rare cause of severe gastrointestinal issues. Early consideration is crucial for patients with unexplained malabsorption and multisystem involvement.

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal amyloidosisGastrointestinal involvement in primary systemic amyloidosisLight-chain amyloidosisPrimary amyloidosisPrimary systemic light-chain amyloidosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nephrology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Primary systemic light-chain amyloidosis is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia.
  • It involves the deposition of misfolded immunoglobulin light chains, leading to organ damage.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old woman presented with severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
  • She exhibited multisystem involvement including anemia, liver dysfunction, and renal failure requiring dialysis.
  • Hypoalbuminemia and nephrotic-range proteinuria indicated malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathy.

Findings:

  • Serum immunofixation identified an IgG lambda monoclonal protein.
  • Gastrointestinal biopsies confirmed light-chain amyloidosis.
  • Bone marrow biopsy showed amyloid deposition.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare conditions like systemic light-chain amyloidosis in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Multisystem involvement portends a poor prognosis, impacting treatment decisions such as stem cell transplantation.
  • Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are vital for improving patient outcomes.