Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

31.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
31.6K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

14.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
14.2K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.3K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.3K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

49.0K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
49.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

6.6K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
6.6K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

10.2K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
10.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

RNA regulation in plants.

Science China. Life sciences·2026
Same author

VeloRM: disentangling pre- and post-splicing RNA modification dynamics at single-cell resolution.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Comprehensive Epitranscriptome Analysis from MeRIP-seq Data with exomePeak2.

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics·2026
Same author

m6A RNA Methylation in Plants: From Molecular Insights to Applications.

Annual review of plant biology·2026
Same author

AKT3-Driven Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity Governs Ovarian Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer via Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling.

Cancer research·2026
Same author

DirectRM: integrated detection of landscape and crosstalk between multiple RNA modifications using direct RNA sequencing.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Tapt1 deficiency in mice impairs pulmonary lipid homeostasis and normal postnatal respiration by targeting ABCA3 for autophagy-lysosomal degradation.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
Same journal

Gapless comparative genomics reveals effector landscape and adaptive selection signatures in Plasmodiophora brassicae.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
Same journal

Yorkie/Scalloped-OVOL-Rac1 axis controls insect wing development by promoting cell proliferation.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
Same journal

Construction of a high-quality indexed EMS mutant library and a pipeline for identifying causal mutations in wheat by whole-exome sequencing.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
Same journal

Tissue-resolved comparative developmental transcriptomics reveals auxin-associated regulatory shifts underlying divergent fruit tissue origins in pomes and drupes.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
Same journal

Characterizing selection signatures in coding and noncoding regions of 14,886 cancer genomes.

Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.4K

Methylation modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNA.

Jun Liu1, Guifang Jia1

  • 1Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao
|February 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA methylation, including N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A), is a dynamic epigenetic mark. This review explores m(6)A formation, function, and demethylation by FTO and ALKBH5, highlighting its broad biological roles.

Keywords:
5-methylcytosine (m(5)C)N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A)N(7)-methylguanosine (m(7)G)RNA methylation

More Related Videos

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

6.8K
Author Spotlight: Decoding RNA Methylation's Role in Pancreatic Cancer - A Single-Base Resolution Study
06:57

Author Spotlight: Decoding RNA Methylation's Role in Pancreatic Cancer - A Single-Base Resolution Study

Published on: July 7, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 3, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

3.4K
Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis
08:50

Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Assay to Study m5C Modification in Arabidopsis

Published on: May 14, 2020

6.8K
Author Spotlight: Decoding RNA Methylation's Role in Pancreatic Cancer - A Single-Base Resolution Study
06:57

Author Spotlight: Decoding RNA Methylation's Role in Pancreatic Cancer - A Single-Base Resolution Study

Published on: July 7, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA methylation modifications are widespread across species but their functions are not well understood.
  • Key mRNA modifications include N(7)-methylguanosine (m(7)G), N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A), and 5-methylcytosine (m(5)C).
  • m(6)A is the most abundant mRNA modification and is dynamically regulated, analogous to DNA and histone epigenetic marks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on major mRNA methylation modifications.
  • To describe the formation, distribution, function, and demethylation of these modifications.
  • To provide future perspectives on functional studies of RNA methylation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on RNA methylation.
  • Focus on m(7)G, m(6)A, and m(5)C modifications in eukaryotic mRNA.
  • Discussion of demethylases like FTO and ALKBH5 and their mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • m(7)G cap plays vital roles in mRNA translation, stability, and nuclear export.
  • m(6)A is involved in mRNA splicing, translation, stability, and transport.
  • FTO and ALKBH5 are key demethylases regulating energy homeostasis and spermatogenesis, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic RNA methylation, particularly m(6)A, functions as a crucial epigenetic regulator.
  • The discovery of m(6)A demethylases has opened the emerging field of "RNA Epigenetics".
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of m(5)C and other mRNA modifications.