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Single-photon nonlinear optics with graphene plasmons.

M Gullans1, D E Chang2, F H L Koppens2

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers demonstrate significant nonlinear optical effects using few photons in graphene nanostructures. This breakthrough enables quantum nonlinear optical control and potential applications like single-photon switches.

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits large intrinsic optical nonlinearity.
  • Confining graphene plasmons enhances electric fields.
  • Controlling light at the few-photon level is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate significant nonlinear optical interactions at the few-photon level in graphene nanostructures.
  • To leverage graphene plasmonics for enhanced optical nonlinearity.
  • To explore applications in quantum nonlinear optics, such as single-photon switches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing graphene nanostructures to confine surface plasmons.
  • Exploiting the strong electric field enhancement from plasmon confinement.

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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  • Harnessing the inherent large optical nonlinearity of graphene.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved significant nonlinear optical interactions at the few-photon level.
    • Demonstrated the potential for strong light-matter interactions in graphene.
    • Showcased the feasibility of using these effects for quantum optical devices.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene nanostructures offer a promising platform for quantum nonlinear optics.
    • The approach enables efficient optical control of light at the few-photon level.
    • This work paves the way for novel integrated quantum optical devices, including single-photon switches.