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Fluorescent nanodiamonds embedded in biocompatible translucent shells.

Ivan Rehor1, Jitka Slegerova, Jan Kucka

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i. Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 7, 2014
PubMed
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Researchers developed silica-shelled fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) for biological applications. These enhanced FNDs show improved stability, biocompatibility, and cellular penetration compared to bare nanodiamonds.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • High pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds (NDs) are promising for nanoprobes and nanosensors.
  • Bare NDs exhibit limitations including precipitation in biological solutions, limited conjugation methods, and polydispersity.
  • These limitations hinder their direct application in biological environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To encapsulate fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) within silica shells to improve their properties for biological applications.
  • To create monodisperse, near-spherical particles with enhanced stability and biocompatibility.
  • To functionalize these particles for targeted delivery and imaging using bio-orthogonal click chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of 30-nm FNDs within 10-20-nm silica shells to create 66-nm particles.
Keywords:
biocompatibilizationfluorescent nanodiamondsnanoparticles

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  • Modification of silica shells with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains for solution stability.
  • Bio-orthogonal click chemistry to conjugate fluorescent dyes or targeting peptides to PEG chains.
  • Main Results:

    • Achieved monodisperse, near-spherical silica-encapsulated FNDs (mean diameter 66 nm).
    • PEGylation of shells provided excellent stability in ionic solutions.
    • High yield functionalization with ~2000 dye or peptide molecules per FND via click chemistry.
    • Demonstrated superior in vitro performance with human prostate cancer cells, showing no non-specific adsorption and cellular penetration.

    Conclusions:

    • Silica shell encapsulation significantly enhances the properties of FNDs for biological applications.
    • PEGylation and click chemistry enable stable, highly functionalized nanodiamond probes.
    • These engineered nanodiamonds offer improved biocompatibility and cellular uptake for potential use in diagnostics and therapeutics.