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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
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The Nucleus01:32

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
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Evolution of the nucleus.

Damien P Devos1, Ralph Gräf2, Mark C Field3

  • 1Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|February 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nucleus is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells, enabling complex cellular functions.
  • Separating transcription and translation facilitated the evolution of new cellular processes.
  • Understanding the nucleus's evolutionary history is key to understanding eukaryotic cell success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary origins of key nuclear components.
  • To investigate the evolutionary histories of the nuclear pore complex, lamina, and centrosomes.
  • To examine evidence for prokaryotic origins of nuclear biology players.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics
  • Phylogenetic analysis
  • Bioinformatic analysis of protein families
  • Literature review of evolutionary studies

Main Results:

  • Recent findings shed light on the evolutionary trajectories of the nuclear pore complex, lamina, and centrosomes.
  • Evidence suggests prokaryotic origins for several components integral to nuclear function.
  • The evolution of the nucleus involved the integration and adaptation of pre-existing prokaryotic machinery.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleus's emergence was a pivotal evolutionary event, driving eukaryotic innovation.
  • Understanding the evolutionary history of nuclear components reveals fundamental aspects of cell biology.
  • Prokaryotic origins of key players highlight the mosaic nature of eukaryotic genome evolution.