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Artifacts in musculoskeletal MR imaging.

Dinesh R Singh1, Michael S M Chin1, Wilfred C G Peh1

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is vital for musculoskeletal system evaluation, including spine, joints, and soft tissues.
  • Image quality is susceptible to artifacts that can mimic or obscure pathologies.
  • Artifacts are increasingly significant with higher magnetic field strengths and in patients with metallic implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common and important artifacts encountered in musculoskeletal MR imaging.
  • To highlight artifacts that are more prevalent with advanced imaging techniques and in specific patient populations.
  • To emphasize the importance of artifact recognition for accurate image interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common MR imaging artifacts relevant to musculoskeletal applications.
  • Discussion of artifact origins, including patient motion, physiological processes, protocol errors, and material properties.
  • Focus on susceptibility artifacts and the magic angle phenomenon.

Main Results:

  • Artifacts can arise from patient motion, physiological pulsations (cardiac, vascular), and protocol errors (saturation, wraparound, truncation, shading, partial volume averaging, RF interference).
  • Susceptibility artifacts are critical at interfaces with differing magnetic susceptibilities, particularly with metallic implants.
  • The magic angle phenomenon is a specific artifact in musculoskeletal MR imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Artifacts are an inherent challenge in MR imaging, impacting diagnostic accuracy.
  • Understanding artifact generation is essential for optimizing imaging protocols and interpretation.
  • Correct identification and management of artifacts are critical to avoid diagnostic errors in musculoskeletal imaging.