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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Clostridium difficile infection: a worldwide disease.

Kristin E Burke1, J Thomas Lamont1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a severe colitis, causes significant global illness and death. Prompt recognition and infection control are crucial for managing this emerging pathogen, especially in Asia.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, toxigenic bacterium responsible for infectious colitis.
  • This condition leads to substantial worldwide morbidity and mortality.
  • While established in Western countries, C. difficile is an emerging pathogen in Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management of Clostridium difficile infections.
  • To highlight the increasing global burden of C. difficile.
  • To emphasize the need for prompt diagnosis and control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on C. difficile.

Main Results:

  • Clostridium difficile causes severe infectious colitis with significant health impacts.
  • Disease is driven by bacterial toxins and host immune response.
  • Geographic spread is increasing, notably in Asia.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition of Clostridium difficile is essential for effective management.
  • Appropriate infection control practices are necessary to mitigate spread and impact.
  • Understanding the multifaceted nature of CDI is key to reducing its global burden.