Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 3, 2026

09:35
A Mouse Model of Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Acute Hyperglycemia Combined with Transient Focal Ischemia
Published on: November 15, 2024
957
[Diabetes and ischemic stroke].
Akihiro Shindo1, Hidekazu Tomimoto
1Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine.
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|February 14, 2014
Summary
Diabetes mellitus significantly increases stroke risk and severity. Managing metabolic abnormalities in diabetic patients is crucial for preventing stroke and improving outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Neurology
Context:
- Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke.
- Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality, particularly in Japan, with diabetic patients facing a 2-4 times higher risk.
- Diabetic patients exhibit arterial dysfunction due to abnormal metabolic states, necessitating targeted treatments to mitigate atherosclerosis.
Purpose:
- To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of ischemic stroke in the context of diabetes mellitus.
- To highlight the increased risk and impact of stroke in diabetic populations.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies for managing metabolic abnormalities to prevent stroke and improve outcomes.
Summary:
- This review examines the epidemiological links between diabetes mellitus and ischemic stroke.
- It delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms by which diabetes contributes to arterial dysfunction and atherogenesis.
- The review covers current and potential treatment approaches for diabetic patients to reduce stroke risk and enhance recovery.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between diabetes and ischemic stroke for clinicians and researchers.
- Emphasizes the importance of integrated management of diabetes and cerebrovascular disease.
- Informs strategies for stroke prevention and improved patient outcomes in diabetic populations.
Related Concept Videos
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction
44
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
44
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
28
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
28
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
75
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
75
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
54
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
54
Diabetic Retinopathy
55
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
55
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
26
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...
26

