External skeletal fixation of fractures in cattle
Susan R Vogel1, David E Anderson2
1Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA.
Abstract:
External skeletal fixation (ESF) is a versatile method for rigid immobilization of long bone fractures in cattle. Traditional ESF devices may be used in young calves for clinical management of open fractures. Transfixation pinning and casting is an adaptation of ESF principles to improve versatility and clinical management of selected fractures.
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