Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 2, 2026
07:20
Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
Published on: May 28, 2014
12.3K
Organoiridium complexes: anticancer agents and catalysts.
1Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
Accounts of Chemical Research
|February 22, 2014
Summary
Organoiridium complexes show promise as potent anticancer agents, exhibiting nanomolar potency against various cancer cells. Their mechanisms involve DNA interaction and redox perturbation, offering new therapeutic avenues.
Area of Science:
- Organometallic Chemistry
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Catalysis
Background:
- Iridium complexes, particularly Ir(I) and Ir(III) species, are known for their catalytic properties.
- The development of Ir-based pharmaceuticals is an emerging field, building on established catalytic applications.
- Existing platinum-based anticancer drugs like cisplatin serve as a benchmark for comparison.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in organoiridium complexes for both catalytic and medicinal applications.
- To highlight the potential of organoiridium compounds as novel anticancer agents.
- To explore the mechanisms of action and unique features of these complexes.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on square-planar Ir(I) and half-sandwich Ir(III) complexes.
- Analysis of studies investigating anticancer activity, including potency and cell line targets.
- Examination of proposed mechanisms of action, such as DNA interaction and redox modulation.
Main Results:
- Half-sandwich Ir(III) complexes demonstrate significantly higher potency (nanomolar) against leukemia, colon, breast, prostate cancers, and melanoma compared to cisplatin.
- These complexes may act by attacking DNA and perturbing cellular redox status.
- Some iridium complexes exhibit prooxidant activity, generating hydrogen peroxide, while others act as kinase inhibitors or imaging agents.
Conclusions:
- Organoiridium chemistry offers unique opportunities for developing novel diagnostic agents and drugs.
- Ir(III) complexes, in particular, show significant promise as potent anticancer agents with diverse mechanisms of action.
- Further exploration of organoiridium complexes is warranted for their therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
Related Concept Videos
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
11.9K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.9K
02:52Stereoisomerism
11.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
11.1K
02:34Structural Isomerism
16.8K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...
16.8K
01:23Properties of Organometallic Compounds
2.1K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
2.1K
02:51Metal-Ligand Bonds
19.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
19.3K
01:22Heterogeneous Catalysis
141
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
141