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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
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Autonomic nerves and perivascular fat: interactive mechanisms.

Janette M Bulloch1, Craig J Daly2

  • 1School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton ML3 0JB, Scotland.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|February 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic nerves interact with perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), influencing fat metabolism and vascular function. This interaction, mediated by sympathetic neurotransmitters, impacts free fatty acid release and smooth muscle activity, highlighting PVAT

Keywords:
AdipocyteAutonomicNeurotransmitterPerivascularSympatheticVascular

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Autonomic innervation of body fat, particularly perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), is increasingly recognized for its physiological importance.
  • Sympathetic neurotransmitters like noradrenaline, ATP, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) interact with receptors on adipocytes.
  • Perivascular adipose tissue releases vasoactive substances affecting vascular tone and endothelial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for autonomic innervation of body fat, focusing on sympathetic neurotransmitter roles.
  • To elucidate the interaction between autonomic nerves and PVAT in regulating vascular function.
  • To propose a mechanism for how sympathetic neurotransmission influences adipocyte free fatty acid (FFA) content and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on autonomic innervation of body fat and PVAT.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter-receptor interactions (adrenoceptors, purinoceptors, NPY receptors) in adipocytes.
  • Examination of the effects of neurotransmitters and adipokines on lipolysis, lipogenesis, and vascular cells.

Main Results:

  • Adipocytes express receptors for sympathetic neurotransmitters, enabling modulation of lipolysis and lipogenesis.
  • Sympathetic neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, ATP, NPY) and sensory neuropeptide Substance P (SP) influence adipocyte free fatty acid (FFA) content.
  • Sympathetic neurotransmission can simultaneously induce vasoconstriction and alter FFA release from PVAT, impacting endothelial function.

Conclusions:

  • A strong interaction exists between autonomic nerves and PVAT, crucial for normal vascular function.
  • Released FFAs from PVAT can modulate endothelial function, and adipocytes release vasoactive substances.
  • The interplay between PVAT and autonomic fibers is a critical, yet understudied, area requiring detailed investigation.