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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
209
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
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Adverse effects of IgG therapy.

Melvin Berger1

  • 1Immunology Research and Development, CSL Behring, LLC, King of Prussia, Pa.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. in Practice
|February 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG) therapy can cause adverse effects (AEs), most commonly headache. Slowing infusion rates and appropriate medications can prevent or treat most AEs, minimizing risks.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a critical therapy for immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders.
  • Up to 40% of intravenous IgG infusions are linked to adverse effects (AEs), ranging from mild discomfort to severe reactions.
  • Common AEs include headache, while serious events like anaphylaxis, renal dysfunction, thromboembolism, and hemolysis are less frequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adverse effects associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) therapy.
  • To discuss the prevention and management strategies for IgG-related adverse events.
  • To highlight risk factors and mitigation approaches for potentially serious IgG infusion reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of adverse effects associated with IgG administration.

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  • Analysis of common and serious adverse events, including their causes and management.
  • Discussion of risk factors and preventative measures for IgG therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Headache is the most frequent infusion-related adverse effect of IgG therapy.
    • Most adverse effects are manageable by adjusting the infusion rate or using adjunctive medications (NSAIDs, antihistamines, corticosteroids).
    • Specific patient factors, such as IgA deficiency, can increase AE risk, but are not absolute contraindications.
    • Potentially serious adverse events like renal failure, thromboembolism, and hemolysis are multifactorial, influenced by product composition and patient risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Adverse effects from IgG therapy are common but often manageable through careful administration and monitoring.
    • Understanding risk factors and implementing preventative strategies are crucial for minimizing serious adverse events.
    • Subcutaneous IgG administration may offer a lower incidence of adverse effects compared to intravenous routes.