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Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

New hybrid Cd(II) compounds: synthesis and structural characterization.

Hong-Li Jia¹, Zhan Shi, Qing-Feng Yang

¹College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130023, China. jhyu@jlu.edu.cn xjq@mail.jlu.edu.cn.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|February 28, 2014

Summary

Five new hybrid cadmium(II) compounds were synthesized using cadmium halides and N-heterocyclic molecules. These compounds exhibit diverse structures, including 2D and 3D supramolecular networks, and show luminescent properties in the solid state.

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Published on: October 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Crystallography

Background:

Coordination chemistry explores the synthesis and properties of novel metal-organic compounds.
Hybrid materials incorporating cadmium(II) ions and organic ligands offer tunable structural and photophysical characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize new hybrid cadmium(II) compounds.
To investigate the structural diversity and supramolecular architectures of these compounds.
To explore their luminescent properties.

Main Methods:

Room-temperature reactions in acidic solutions.
X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.
Photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Five new hybrid Cd(II) compounds were successfully synthesized: [H2(4,4'-dtdpy)]2[CdBr4]SO4·2.5H2O, [H(2,2'-dtdpy)]2[CdBr4], [(Hbim)2CdCl2(SCN)2], [H2(pip)][Cd(SCN)4], and [CdL2].
Structural analysis revealed diverse architectures including a double salt with 2D layers, mononuclear entities, a 2D supramolecular layered structure, and a 3D rutile-related topology.
Compounds 3 and 4 emitted blue light, while compound 5 emitted violet light upon excitation in the solid state.

Conclusions:

The study successfully synthesized and characterized five novel hybrid cadmium(II) compounds with varied structural motifs.
The compounds demonstrate interesting supramolecular assembly and photoluminescent behavior.
This work contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in cadmium-based hybrid materials.