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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Does strategy training reduce age-related deficits in working memory?

Heather R Bailey1, John Dunlosky, Christopher Hertzog

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo., USA.

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Training older adults in effective encoding strategies improved working memory (WM) performance. However, these gains were strategy-specific and did not transfer to other cognitive tasks or significantly reduce age-related WM deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Older adults exhibit lower working memory (WM) performance compared to younger adults.
  • Effective encoding strategies may mitigate age-related declines in WM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of training individuals in effective encoding strategies on working memory (WM) performance.
  • To determine if WM improvements generalize across different cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (young and older adults) received training in verbal encoding strategies (interactive imagery, sentence generation) or a filler task.
  • Working memory (WM) was assessed using a reading span task pre- and post-training.
  • Transfer of training was evaluated using paired-associate recall and self-ordered pointing tasks.

Main Results:

  • Both age groups successfully employed trained strategies and demonstrated improved WM performance post-training.
  • The age-related WM deficit remained largely unchanged.
  • Training-induced WM gains did not transfer to the paired-associate recall or self-ordered pointing tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Strategy training can enhance working memory (WM) performance.
  • Benefits are attributed to strategy-specific learning, not general cognitive enhancement.
  • Transfer of learned strategies to novel tasks was not observed.