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Related Concept Videos

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Hepatitis e virus: current concepts and future perspectives.

Harry R Dalton1, Suzan D Pas, Richie G Madden

  • 1Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, TR1 3LJ, Truro, UK, harry.dalton@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
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This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was once thought to be confined to developing nations. Recent understanding reveals HEV is a global health concern, impacting developed countries significantly.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was historically considered endemic to developing regions.
  • HEV infection typically presents as self-limiting hepatitis in young adults, with a notable 25% mortality rate in pregnant women.
  • Recent scientific advancements have reshaped the understanding of HEV's global health impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts and future perspectives of Hepatitis E virus (HEV).
  • To analyze the effects of HEV on human health, with a focus on developed countries.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review article.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on HEV epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and public health implications.

Main Results:

  • HEV is now recognized as a significant global health threat, extending beyond its previously understood geographical limitations.
  • The virus poses risks in developed countries, necessitating a re-evaluation of its public health impact.

Conclusions:

  • The perception of HEV as a disease of developing countries is outdated.
  • HEV represents a growing global health challenge, requiring increased attention and research, particularly in developed nations.