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Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Evaluation of Polymeric Gene Delivery Nanoparticles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and High-throughput Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 1, 2013

Gold nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery.

Ya Ding¹, Ziwen Jiang², Krishnendu Saha²

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Molecular Therapy : the Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy

|March 7, 2014

Summary

Gold nanoparticles serve as scaffolds for delivering nucleic acids, aiding gene delivery and RNA interference. Challenges like endosomal entrapment and cellular delivery are discussed.

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Preparation and Photoacoustic Analysis of Cellular Vehicles Containing Gold Nanorods

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Published on: May 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Gold nanoparticles offer a versatile platform for biological applications.
Nucleic acid delivery is crucial for gene therapy and RNA interference.
Effective delivery of nucleic acids into cells remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the use of gold nanoparticle conjugates for nucleic acid delivery.
To highlight applications in gene delivery and RNA interference.
To discuss existing challenges in cellular nucleic acid delivery.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on gold nanoparticle conjugates for nucleic acid delivery.
Analysis of covalent and noncovalent conjugation strategies.
Discussion of cellular barriers to nucleic acid delivery.

Main Results:

Gold nanoparticles can be effectively conjugated (covalently and noncovalently) to nucleic acids.
These conjugates show promise for gene delivery and RNA interference applications.
Key challenges include endosomal entrapment, escape, and active cellular presentation.

Conclusions:

Gold nanoparticle conjugates represent a promising strategy for nucleic acid delivery.
Overcoming cellular barriers is essential for maximizing the efficacy of these systems.
Further research is needed to optimize delivery and overcome biological hurdles.