Genetics and epigenetics of aging and longevity

Area of Science:

• Genetics and Molecular Biology
• Aging Research
• Evolutionary Biology

Background:

• Evolutionary theories propose genes with early benefits and later costs (antagonistic pleiotropy) or longevity insurance (disposable soma).
• Research is identifying specific genes (gerontogenes) and mechanisms that positively influence lifespan.
• Gerontogenes are categorized by their roles, including lifespan regulation, mediation, effector functions, housekeeping, mitochondrial function, and control of cellular senescence and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current knowledge on gerontogenes and their role in longevity.
• To explore the interconnectedness of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms regulating lifespan.
• To investigate the relationship between longevity regulation and stress response pathways.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of genetic and epigenetic studies on aging and longevity.
• Classification and analysis of identified gerontogenes based on their functions.
• Synthesis of findings to identify common regulatory networks and mechanisms.

Main Results:

• The majority of identified gerontogenes and longevity-regulating mechanisms are interconnected.
• Stress response pathways are a central hub for many genetic and epigenetic longevity regulators.
• Gerontogenes encompass diverse functions from cellular maintenance to apoptosis regulation.

Conclusions:

• Longevity is regulated by a complex network of interconnected genes and epigenetic factors.
• Stress response is a critical biological process linked to multiple longevity pathways.
• Further research into these interconnected mechanisms can reveal novel targets for promoting healthy aging.