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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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Radiation enteritis.

Ali H Harb1, Carla Abou Fadel, Ala I Sharara

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|March 8, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation enteritis, a growing concern in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, presents acutely or chronically. New research focuses on understanding its molecular basis to develop targeted therapies preventing organ damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Medicine

Background:

  • Radiation enteritis is a significant health issue for patients undergoing radiation therapy, particularly for pelvic cancers.
  • Its incidence is rising due to increased radiotherapy use.
  • It can manifest as acute or chronic syndromes with varying onset times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of radiation enteritis, including its risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the emerging shift towards molecularly targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of radiation enteritis, encompassing patient and treatment-related risk factors.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities such as cross-sectional imaging and endoscopy.
  • Overview of current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Chronic radiation enteritis involves obliterative endarteritis and submucosal fibrosis, leading to complications like strictures, fistulae, and bleeding.
  • Diagnosis is aided by imaging and endoscopic techniques.
  • Current treatments focus on symptom management and complication control.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation enteritis poses a substantial challenge, with chronic forms characterized by progressive fibrosis and significant complications.
  • A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving radiation enteritis is paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches.
  • Future strategies aim to limit fibrotic processes and prevent radiation-induced organ damage through rational drug design.