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Updated: May 2, 2026

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
Published on: December 18, 2016
Simultaneous R2*, R2, and R2' quantification by combining S0 estimation of the free induction decay with a single
G H van de Maat1, H de Leeuw1, P R Seevinck1
1Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Purpose:
To present a new method, S0 estimation of the free induction decay combined with a single spin echo measurement (SOFIDSE), that enables simultaneous measurements of R2*, R2, and R2' in order to quantify the local concentration of holmium microspheres (Ho-MS) for radioembolization.
Theory And Methods:
SOFIDSE estimates R2* and the signal magnitude at time point 0, S0, from a multigradient echo readout of the free induction decay and subsequently estimates R2 using S0 and a single spin echo, from which R2' is deducted. The method was evaluated by comparing SOFIDSE R2 values with values obtained from shifted spin echo (SSE) measurements on a phantom setup containing Ho-MS and from dual spin echo measurements on a healthy volunteer.
Results:
On average, SOFIDSE showed a small overestimation of R2 values compared with SSE independent of the microsphere concentration. R2' values determined by subtraction of either SOFIDSE R2 or SSE R2 from R2* showed excellent agreement (correlation coefficient = 1; P = 9 · 10(-11)). The Ho-MS-induced R2' values obtained by SOFIDSE were insensitive to the R2 value of the tissue in which they resided.
Conclusion:
SOFIDSE enables quantification of Ho-MS, in media with spatially or temporally varying R2 values, in a single acquisition.
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