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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by reconfiguring the...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Designing a transmission shaft requires a thorough understanding of the stresses induced by bending moments and torques, especially in systems where power is transferred through gears. These forces create force-couple systems at the centers of the shaft's cross-sections, leading to both transverse and torsional loading. Although shearing stresses from transverse loads are typically smaller than those from torques and are often overlooked, the significant normal stresses from these loads...
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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Development of solid-supported Glaser-Hay couplings.

Valerie T Tripp1, Jessica S Lampkowski, Ryan Tyler

  • 1Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary , P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, United States.

ACS Combinatorial Science
|March 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new solid-supported Glaser-Hay coupling method provides selective synthesis of asymmetric diyne products. This approach overcomes chemoselectivity challenges, enabling efficient heterocoupling for diverse applications in synthetic chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The Glaser-Hay coupling is a valuable reaction for synthesizing diyne compounds.
  • Chemoselectivity issues in traditional Glaser-Hay coupling limit its broad use in organic synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solid-supported Glaser-Hay methodology for enhanced chemoselectivity.
  • To exclusively generate asymmetric diyne products, overcoming limitations of existing methods.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a solid-supported Glaser-Hay reaction.
  • Immobilization of terminal alkynes onto a solid support.
  • Coupling of immobilized alkynes with various soluble alkynes.

Main Results:

  • The solid-supported method exclusively afforded asymmetric diyne products.
  • High yields and purities were achieved in the heterocoupling reactions.
  • Demonstrated the versatility of the methodology with diverse substrates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed solid-supported Glaser-Hay methodology offers a chemoselective route to asymmetric diyne synthesis.
  • This approach provides a robust and efficient tool for constructing complex molecules in synthetic chemistry.