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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
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Traumatic intraneural bone fracture fragment.

Mark A Mahan1, Alexander Y Shin, Allen T Bishop

  • 1Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.

Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances
|March 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Intraneural bone was found within a neuroma during surgery for a suprascapular nerve injury. This rare finding suggests a bone fragment may have penetrated the nerve after a scapula fracture.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Brachial plexus injuries can lead to nerve damage and neuroma formation.
  • Suprascapular nerve injuries often result from trauma, impacting shoulder function.
  • Neuromas are abnormal nerve growths that can cause pain and dysfunction.

Observation:

  • Intraneural bone discovered during pathologic examination of a neuroma-in-continuity.
  • The neuroma was resected for repair of the suprascapular nerve 4 months post-brachial plexus injury.
  • The neuroma was located in the scapular notch, near a comminuted scapula fracture.

Findings:

  • The presence of bone within the neuroma suggests traumatic nerve penetration by a bone fragment.
  • Acute onset of neurologic deficit correlated with the location and proximity to the fracture.
  • This is the first reported case of bone observed within a neuroma.

Implications:

  • Highlights a potential, previously unreported, mechanism of nerve injury in traumatic fractures.
  • May influence surgical approaches and diagnostic considerations for complex nerve injuries.
  • Underscores the importance of detailed pathologic examination in understanding nerve trauma.