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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

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Probabilistically-Cued Patterns Trump Perfect Cues in Statistical Language Learning.

Jill Lany1, Rebecca L Gómez2

  • 1University of Notre Dame.

Language Learning and Development : the Official Journal of the Society for Language Development
|March 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learning grammatical patterns is challenging. Experience with similar, but not identical, language structures enhances learning of new probabilistic language rules.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Natural languages feature probabilistic co-occurrence relationships between word categories, which are challenging to acquire.
  • Determiner-noun relationships are learned more readily than auxiliary-verb dependencies due to more reliable cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if prior experience with reliable co-occurrence cues enhances learning of less reliable ones.
  • To determine the role of shared structure versus shared vocabulary in learning artificial grammatical patterns.

Main Methods:

  • An artificial language paradigm was used to test learning.
  • Participants were exposed to different types of co-occurrence relationships with varying cue reliability and vocabulary.

Main Results:

  • Prior experience with deterministically-cued or same-vocabulary relationships did not improve learning of less reliably-cued structures.
  • Experience with probabilistically-cued relationships in a different vocabulary did enhance learning.

Conclusions:

  • Learning grammatical patterns is facilitated by experience with underlying structural similarities, not just vocabulary.
  • Exposure to probabilistic co-occurrence relationships, even if difficult initially, builds a foundation for acquiring new probabilistic structures.