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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Mnemonic Devices01:23

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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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Chunking01:12

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Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
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Can Infants Retain Statistically Segmented Words and Mappings Across a Delay?

Ferhat Karaman1,2, Jill Lany3, Jessica F Hay4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Uşak University.

Cognitive Science
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Twenty-three-month-old infants use speech statistics to learn words, but only after a delay. Sensitivity to transitional probabilities (TPs) impacts word-referent mapping retention, affecting early language development.

Keywords:
Infant memoryLabel‐object mappingStatistical learningWord learningWord segmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Infants possess sensitivity to statistical properties in spoken language, crucial for segmenting words and linking them to referents.
  • The influence of this statistical sensitivity on the formation and retention of word-referent mappings over time remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the timing of referent training, relative to familiarization with speech statistics (transitional probabilities or TPs), affects word-referent mapping in 23-month-old infants.
  • To determine if infants can retain and utilize TP information across a delay for word learning.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Assessed 23-month-olds' ability to retain TP information across a 10-minute delay and apply it to word learning.
  • Experiment 2: Tested immediate word-referent mapping with unfamiliar words.
  • Experiment 3: Examined immediate training of high- and low-TP word-referent mappings and subsequent retention.

Main Results:

  • Infants successfully mapped high-TP words but not low-TP words after a 10-minute delay (Experiment 1).
  • Immediate mapping of unfamiliar words was readily achieved (Experiment 2).
  • High- and low-TP word-referent mappings were easily retained after immediate training (Experiment 3).

Conclusions:

  • While 23-month-olds do not require strong statistics for immediate word mapping or retention across a delay, they are sensitive to these statistics.
  • Sensitivity to speech statistics influences word-referent mapping after a delay, potentially hindering the mapping of less coherent word forms following consolidation.
  • This suggests statistical sensitivity plays a role in early language development by impacting the consolidation of word learning.