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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Small non-coding RNAs in plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas spp.

Ulrike Abendroth1, Cornelius Schmidtke1, Ulla Bonas1

  • 1Dept. of Genetics; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Halle, Germany.

RNA Biology
|March 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins regulate virulence in Xanthomonas, a genus of plant pathogens. This review summarizes current knowledge on these post-transcriptional regulators in Xanthomonas species.

Keywords:
RNA-binding proteinsXanthomonasbacteriaplant pathogenspost-transcriptional regulationsRNAstranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The genus Xanthomonas includes significant plant-pathogenic bacteria.
  • Bacterial infection and multiplication rely on virulence factors like the type III secretion system.
  • Emerging evidence points to post-transcriptional regulation of bacterial virulence by small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins in Xanthomonas.
  • To highlight the role of these molecules in regulating bacterial virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on sRNAs and RNA-binding proteins in Xanthomonas.
  • Analysis of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in plant-pathogenic bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators of virulence in Xanthomonas.
  • RNA-binding proteins also play a crucial role in controlling Xanthomonas virulence at the post-transcriptional level.
  • Understanding these regulatory networks is essential for controlling plant diseases caused by Xanthomonas.

Conclusions:

  • Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins represent critical post-transcriptional regulators of virulence in Xanthomonas species.
  • Further research into these regulatory mechanisms can lead to novel strategies for managing Xanthomonas-related plant diseases.