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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Vagina01:26

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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Menses Phase01:18

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Vaginal pH: A marker for menopause.

Subrat Panda1, Ananya Das1, Ahanthem Santa Singh1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NEIGRIHMS, Mawdiangdiang, Shillong, Meghalaya, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health
|March 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Vaginal pH offers a simple, accurate, and cost-effective method for diagnosing menopause, serving as a viable alternative to serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) tests.

Keywords:
Menopauseserum follicle stimulating hormone levelvaginal pH

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Menopause diagnosis typically relies on age, menstrual history, symptoms, and serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels.
  • Vaginal pH measurement is an underutilized, simple, non-invasive, and inexpensive diagnostic method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate serum FSH levels with vaginal pH measurements in women experiencing menopausal symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 173 women aged 31-60 with menopausal symptoms.
  • Vaginal pH measured using pH micro-meter strips; serum FSH levels assessed via immunoassay.
  • Data analyzed using SPSS v.17 with Chi-square and Kappa tests (P ≤ 0.05 significance).

Main Results:

  • The mean FSH level was 46.5 IU/L and mean vaginal pH was 5.3.
  • Vaginal pH >4.5 demonstrated 84.9% sensitivity for menopause diagnosis.
  • Serum FSH ≥40 IU/L showed 77.4% sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Vaginal pH is a simple, accurate, and cost-effective tool for menopause diagnosis.
  • Vaginal pH can be considered a superior alternative to serum FSH estimation for diagnosing menopause.