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High cholesterol intake is associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus - a meta-analysis
Ryoko Tajima1, Satoru Kodama2, Miho Hirata1
1Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Japan.
Background & Aims:
Some foods rich in cholesterol are associated with high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To confirm the association between dietary cholesterol intake and T2D risk, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Methods:
We searched for longitudinal studies that provided data on the relative risk (RR) for T2D in relation to the cholesterol intake level using MEDLINE (from 1950 for July 10, 2013) and EMBASE (from 1974 to July 10, 2013). The RR for the highest vs. lowest cholesterol intake category or for an increment of 100 mg/day in cholesterol consumption was pooled with an inverse-variance method.
Results:
Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest category, the highest category had a significantly higher association with T2D risk (RR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 1.25 [1.16-1.36]). The pooled RR for a 100-mg/day increment was also significant (RR [95% CI], 1.11 [1.06-1.15]).
Conclusion:
Current meta-analysis suggested that high intake of cholesterol was positively associated with future T2D risk.
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