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Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
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Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
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Muscular activities during sling- and ground-based push-up exercise.

Sumiaki Maeo1, Tatsuya Chou, Masayoshi Yamamoto

  • 1National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu, Kanoya 891-2393, Japan. smaeo1985@gmail.com.

BMC Research Notes
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Sling push-ups activate upper limb and trunk muscles more than ground push-ups. This exercise enhancement is more pronounced in dynamic movements, requiring greater stabilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Muscle activation during push-up variations is crucial for training effectiveness.
  • Sling exercises introduce instability, potentially increasing muscle engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare muscle activity during sling vs. ground push-ups.
  • To investigate differences between static and dynamic push-up conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty young males performed static and dynamic push-ups under sling and ground conditions.
  • Surface electromyography (EMG) measured activation in key upper limb and trunk muscles.
  • EMG data were normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (% EMGmax).

Main Results:

  • Sling push-ups significantly increased muscle activation compared to ground push-ups.
  • Activation increases were notable in triceps brachii, biceps brachii, and abdominal muscles during static exercise.
  • Dynamic sling push-ups showed even greater muscle activation, including the pectoralis major.

Conclusions:

  • Sling-based push-ups enhance activation of upper limb and anterior trunk muscles.
  • The findings support the use of sling exercises for greater muscle engagement.
  • Dynamic sling push-ups offer a more challenging workout for stabilization and muscle recruitment.