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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Attribution Theory00:56

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
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Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions01:29

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Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...
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Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
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The blame game.

Natosha Cramer1

  • 1Natosha Cramer lives in Washington State and currently works on a surgical telemetry unit. Contact author: natosha_cramer@yahoo.com. Reflections is coordinated by Madeleine Mysko, MA, RN: mmysko@comcast.net. Illustration by Annelisa Ochoa.

The American Journal of Nursing
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthcare professionals should avoid judging patients based on perceived life choices. Maintaining a non-judgmental approach is essential for ethical and professional patient care. This fosters trust and improves health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Professional Conduct

Background:

  • Patient care requires a non-judgmental approach.
  • Professionalism in healthcare is paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the ethical imperative of avoiding judgment in patient interactions.
  • To underscore the professional standards expected of healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on medical ethics and professional conduct.
  • Analysis of case studies illustrating judgmental behavior.

Main Results:

  • Judging patients for life choices is unprofessional and unethical.
  • A non-judgmental stance promotes therapeutic relationships and patient well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must uphold non-judgmental attitudes.
  • Ethical practice dictates treating all patients with respect, irrespective of their choices.