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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
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Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry for real-time quantitative breath analysis.

David Smith1, Patrik Španěl, Jens Herbig

  • 1Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.

Journal of Breath Research
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Real-time breath analysis using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) offers sensitive and rapid detection of volatile compounds. These methods enable simultaneous analysis of trace metabolites in single breath exhalations for various health studies.

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Breath analysis is crucial for non-invasive diagnostics and physiological monitoring.
  • Traditional methods like GC-MS and IMS have limitations in speed and sample integrity.
  • Real-time analysis of exhaled breath is desirable to avoid metabolite degradation and contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for real-time breath analysis techniques.
  • To compare selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for breath analysis.
  • To highlight the advantages of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS in analyzing the complex matrix of exhaled breath.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the principles and ion chemistry of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS.
  • Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique in breath analysis.
  • Introduction of a novel PTR-TOFMS system for enhanced resolution and isobaric separation.

Main Results:

  • SIFT-MS and PTR-MS are sensitive and rapid, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple trace gas metabolites in single breaths.
  • Real-time analysis capability of SIFT-MS and PTR-MS is demonstrated with recent data.
  • PTR-TOFMS offers improved resolution for separating protonated isobaric molecules.

Conclusions:

  • SIFT-MS and PTR-MS are superior for real-time breath analysis compared to traditional methods.
  • These techniques are valuable for physiological, biochemical, and pharmacokinetic studies.
  • They facilitate the identification and quantification of disease-specific biomarkers in exhaled breath.