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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

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When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
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Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
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    This study introduces a novel method for creating hotspots using one-way wave propagation, controlled by magnetic bias. This technique offers new possibilities for switching and spatial control of hotspots.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Hotspots are typically generated using resonance-based methods.
    • Controlling hotspot location and existence is crucial for various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a new method for generating hotspots.
    • To explore the use of nonreciprocal wave propagation for hotspot formation.
    • To investigate the role of magnetic bias in controlling hotspots.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of wave propagation in magnetically biased media.
    • Numerical simulations to demonstrate hotspot generation.
    • Investigating the breaking of time-reversal symmetry.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a new method for creating hotspots via nonreciprocal propagation.
    • Showcased that magnetic bias controls the location and existence of hotspots.
    • Confirmed the breaking of time-reversal symmetry is key.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a novel way to generate and control hotspots.
    • Magnetic bias provides a mechanism for switching and spatial control of hotspots.
    • This work opens avenues for tunable electromagnetic field manipulation.