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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

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Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
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Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
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Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

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Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
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Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

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Ventricular-fold dynamics in human phonation.

Lucie Bailly, Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni, Frank Müller

    Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
    |April 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ventricular fold dynamics influence vocal fold vibrations through aerodynamic coupling. These interactions can modify vocal fold behavior, impacting voice quality and pitch.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laryngology
    • Bioacoustics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • The ventricular folds, located superior to the vocal folds, play a role in phonation.
    • Understanding the dynamics of ventricular folds and their interaction with vocal folds is crucial for voice production.
    • Aerodynamic forces are known to influence vocal fold vibration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Classify ventricular fold dynamics during voicing.
    • Investigate the aerodynamic impact of ventricular fold motions on vocal fold vibrations.
    • Determine if ventricular fold oscillations can be sustained by aerodynamic coupling with vocal folds.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a 72-sample database of vocal gestures from 5 subjects.
    • Recorded high-speed cinematography, audio, and electroglottography.
    • Combined physiological data with a theoretical phonation model to analyze vocal-ventricular aerodynamic interactions.

    Main Results:

    • Identified ventricular fold motion during various vocal events like crescendos, shouts, and throat singing.
    • Classified ventricular fold dynamics into slow non-oscillatory and fast oscillatory (aperiodical/periodical) patterns.
    • Demonstrated that ventricular fold oscillations can be initiated and sustained by aerodynamic coupling with the vocal folds, altering glottal vibration characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Vocal-ventricular aerodynamic interactions significantly influence vocal fold vibrations, capable of altering, enhancing, or suppressing them.
    • The temporal variation of ventricular fold adduction impacts glottal vibratory magnitude and contact differently.
    • These findings highlight the complex interplay between ventricular and vocal folds in voice production.