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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

884

Revised D-A-CH intake recommendations for folate: how much is needed?

M B Krawinkel1, D Strohm2, A Weissenborn3

  • 1Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|April 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The D-A-CH reference value for folate equivalents has been reduced to 300 μg/d for adults, as evidence does not support folic acid

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Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes
03:19

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Published on: June 28, 2024

884

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • The D-A-CH (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) reference value for folate equivalents was established at 400 μg/d in 2000, aiming to prevent cardiovascular diseases by lowering homocysteine.
  • Subsequent research indicates that while a folate-rich diet correlates with lower chronic disease risk, folic acid supplementation has not been proven effective in preventing cardiovascular events in randomized controlled trials.
  • Furthermore, reducing plasma homocysteine levels to 10-12 μmol/l has not decreased the risk of thromboembolic and cardiovascular diseases in affected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on folate intake and cardiovascular health.
  • To reassess the D-A-CH reference value for folate equivalents based on updated scientific evidence.
  • To determine an appropriate folate intake level for adults that ensures sufficient folate status without unproven cardiovascular benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies on folic acid intake, homocysteine levels, and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Analysis of data on folate status in populations with varying dietary folate intakes.
  • Evaluation of the bioavailability differences between synthetic folic acid and food folates.

Main Results:

  • Randomized controlled trials did not support a preventive effect of folic acid intake on cardiovascular events.
  • Lowering plasma homocysteine levels did not reduce cardiovascular or thromboembolic disease risk in individuals with existing conditions.
  • Folate intakes below 400 μg/d were found to be sufficient for maintaining adequate folate status in adults.

Conclusions:

  • The D-A-CH reference value for folate equivalents for adults has been reduced to 300 μg/d.
  • This revision reflects the lack of evidence for cardiovascular benefits from folic acid supplementation and homocysteine reduction.
  • The recommendation for pregnant women to supplement with 400 μg of folic acid daily during early pregnancy remains unchanged.