Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Roadmap on advances in visual and physiological optics.

Journal of optics (2010)·2025

Same author

Visual and Physiological Optics: introduction to the joint feature issue in <i>Biomedical Optics Express</i> and <i>Journal of the Optical Society of America A</i>.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025

Same author

Visual and Physiological Optics: introduction to the joint feature issue in <i>Biomedical Optics Express and Journal of the Optical Society of America A</i>.

Biomedical optics express·2025

Same author

Telecentric model eye for correction of image distortion in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopes.

Biomedical optics express·2025

Same author

Ultra-Low Dose Computed Tomography Imaging in Quantifying Bone Trauma and Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Iranian journal of medical sciences·2025

Same author

Poster Session: The optics of myopia onset and its potential impact on halting progression.

Journal of vision·2025

Same journal

Gaussian-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution over 60 km fiber using an integrated silicon photonic receiver.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

E2E-OCT: end-to-end joint learning model using optical coherence tomography images for vocal cord leukoplakia diagnosis.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Holographic generation of panoramic 3D scenes by concave ellipsoidal mirror reflection.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Dual-pilot phase recovery with pair-wise maximum-ratio combining for coherent PONs.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Mapping the whispering gallery modes of a CaF<sub>2</sub> disk resonator with half-tapered fibers to estimate the fundamental mode volume.

Optics letters·2026

Same journal

Quantitative estimation of deep-subwavelength scale via dark-field scattering axial energy concentration decay profiles.

Optics letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Digital phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer.

Vyas Akondi, A R Jewel, Brian Vohnsen

|April 3, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel digital phase-shifting interferometer using a liquid crystal display offers tunable pinhole size without moving parts. This adaptable wavefront sensor accurately detects Zernike aberrations, showing promise for optical testing.

More Related Videos

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Interferometry
Optical Metrology

Background:

Traditional point diffraction interferometers often require mechanical components for phase shifting.
Liquid crystal spatial light modulators offer potential for dynamic control in optical systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a digital phase-shifting (PS) point diffraction interferometer using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator.
To evaluate the sensor's tunability and performance in detecting optical aberrations.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a transmitting liquid crystal spatial light modulator for digital phase shifting.
Utilizing the system to introduce and measure Zernike aberrations with a deformable mirror.
Comparison of results with a commercial Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.

Main Results:

Successful demonstration of a tunable digital phase-shifting interferometer.
Elimination of mechanically moving parts for phase shifting.
Accurate sensing of Zernike aberrations, validated against a commercial sensor.

Conclusions:

The developed liquid crystal-based interferometer provides a robust and tunable alternative for wavefront sensing.
This digital approach simplifies interferometer design and enhances adaptability for aberration measurement.