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Related Concept Videos

Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

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When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
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Equity Theory01:26

Equity Theory

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Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
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Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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Self-Regulation01:25

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Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
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Batch vs Continuous Culture01:14

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Fermentation is a foundational biotechnological process used to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, enzymes, and food additives. Among industrial strategies, batch and continuous fermentation are the two most widely applied. Although both rely on microbial conversion of substrates into desired products, they differ markedly in operation, productivity, and suitability for specific applications.Batch fermentation occurs in a closed system in which nutrient media and inoculum are added at the...
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Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

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The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

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The boardroom's quiet revolution.

Richard D Parsons, Marc A Feigen

    Harvard Business Review
    |April 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Externally driven corporate board reforms have been ineffective. Innovations in strategy, composition, discussion quality, and CEO relations can significantly enhance board oversight and enterprise governance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Business Administration
    • Corporate Governance
    • Organizational Behavior

    Background:

    • Corporate boards have undergone significant changes in the last decade due to external pressures from shareholders, stock exchanges, and government regulations.
    • Mandated reforms include requiring a majority of independent directors, executive sessions without the CEO, shareholder review of compensation decisions, and increased director meeting attendance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify effective innovations for improving corporate board managerial oversight.
    • To move beyond the ineffectual nature of externally driven reforms.

    Main Methods:

    • Qualitative research involving interviews with two dozen directors from highly regarded boards.
    • Integration of directors' insights with the authors' extensive experience in board leadership and counseling.

    Main Results:

    • Externally driven reforms have shown limited success in enhancing managerial oversight.
    • Striking innovations were identified across four key areas: strategy and talent oversight, board composition, quality of board discussions, and the board-CEO relationship.

    Conclusions:

    • Implementing these identified innovations can lead to a dramatic improvement in enterprise governance.
    • Boards can proactively enhance their effectiveness by adopting these forward-thinking strategies.