Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

706
Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with...
706
Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

11.6K
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
11.6K
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.6K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.6K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

2.5K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.5K
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

3.0K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
3.0K
Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist01:28

Drug-Receptor Interaction: Antagonist

4.9K
An antagonist is a drug that binds strongly to a receptor without activating it. An antagonist prevents other molecules, such as neurotransmitters or hormones, from binding to the receptor and triggering a cellular response. Such interaction effectively hinders the normal physiological processes mediated by the receptor, resulting in various pharmacological effects depending on the specific receptor targeted.
Antagonists can be classified as competitive or noncompetitive based on their...
4.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vutrisiran Health Care Resource Utilization, Costs, Discontinuation, and Mortality: A Real-World Claims Analysis.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Blood Pressure Control in Adolescents With CKD and Risk of Kidney Failure in Young Adulthood.

Kidney medicine·2026
Same author

Acoramidis, Serum Transthyretin, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the ATTRibute-CM Trial.

Journal of cardiac failure·2026
Same author

Evolution of patient characteristics and outcomes in ATTR-CM clinical trials: A systematic review.

Progress in cardiovascular diseases·2026
Same author

Long-Term Durability of Acoramidis Efficacy in Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Open-Label Extension of the ATTRibute-CM Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA cardiology·2026
Same author

Efficacy of Acoramidis in Wild-Type and Variant Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Results From ATTRibute-CM and Its Open-Label Extension.

JAMA cardiology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.3K

Drug dealers, retaliation, and deterrence.

Scott Jacques1, Richard Wright2, Andrea Allen3

  • 1Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, PO Box 4018, Atlanta, GA 30302 United States.

The International Journal on Drug Policy
|April 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Drug dealers use retaliation for deterrence, employing specific, situational, and permeating strategies. This study explores these methods and suggests formal dispute resolution can reduce dealer victimization and retaliation.

Keywords:
DeterrenceDrug dealersOffender decision-makingRetaliation

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

6.8K
A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats
08:54

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats

Published on: January 6, 2011

22.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
08:05

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

2.3K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

6.8K
A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats
08:54

A Procedure for Studying the Footshock-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Laboratory Rats

Published on: January 6, 2011

22.3K

Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Sociology
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • Illicit drug sellers face limited access to formal dispute resolution, making them vulnerable to predation.
  • Dealers heavily rely on retaliation to deter victimization due to this vulnerability.
  • Existing research on drug dealers, retaliation, and deterrence primarily focuses on general deterrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the various forms of deterrence employed by illicit drug sellers beyond general deterrence.
  • To analyze the relationship between dealers' use of retaliation and different deterrence strategies.
  • To identify potential interventions for reducing predation and retaliation in drug markets.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative study utilizing interviews with 25 unincarcerated drug sellers.
  • Data collected from individuals in disadvantaged neighborhoods in St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Analysis of interview data to identify patterns in deterrence strategies.

Main Results:

  • Drug dealers employ four types of deterrence: general, specific, situational, and permeating.
  • These deterrence types are combined into three distinct forms: specific-situational, specific-permeating, and comprehensive.
  • Retaliation by drug dealers is intrinsically linked to these multifaceted deterrence strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight the complex nature of deterrence in illicit drug markets.
  • Future research should explore the interplay between different deterrence types.
  • Increased access to formal dispute resolution could mitigate both predation against and retaliation by drug dealers.