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Epidemiology of gout
1Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|April 8, 2014
Summary
Gout prevalence is increasing globally, particularly in men. Risk factors include diet and certain health conditions, while some foods may offer protection.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Epidemiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis affecting men.
- Epidemiologic studies indicate a rising global prevalence of gout over recent decades.
- While gout incidence data is limited, US data suggests an increasing trend.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize evidence on the rising prevalence and incidence of gout.
- To identify key risk factors associated with hyperuricemia and gout.
- To highlight potential protective dietary factors against gout.
Main Methods:
- Review of multiple prospective epidemiologic studies.
- Analysis of data on risk factors and protective elements related to gout.
- Synthesis of findings from diverse international populations.
Main Results:
- Confirmed dietary factors such as animal purines, alcohol, and fructose as significant risk factors.
- Identified obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diuretic use, and chronic kidney disease as key risk factors for hyperuricemia and gout.
- Noted that low-fat dairy products, coffee, and vitamin C may have a protective effect.
Conclusions:
- Gout represents a growing public health concern, especially among men.
- Understanding modifiable risk factors is crucial for gout prevention and management.
- Dietary modifications and lifestyle changes may play a role in mitigating gout risk.
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