Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 1, 2026
05:35
Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
Published on: March 3, 2016
15.0K
Histone phosphorylation: its role during cell cycle and centromere identity in plants
1State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|April 10, 2014
Summary
Histone phosphorylation, a key post-translational modification (PTM), regulates chromatin structure and function. This review explores its role in cell cycle, centromere function, and crosstalk with other PTMs.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Histones are key protein components of chromatin.
- Histones undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs) like phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation.
- These PTMs regulate chromatin structure and function, influencing various cellular processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of histone phosphorylation in chromatin changes during the cell cycle.
- To examine the relationship between histone phosphorylation and centromere function.
- To identify kinases and phosphatases involved in regulating histone phosphorylation and explore PTM crosstalk.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of histone phosphorylation.
- Analysis of cell cycle-dependent histone modifications.
- Investigation of kinase/phosphatase roles and PTM interactions.
Main Results:
- Histone phosphorylation is crucial for chromosome condensation, segregation, transcription activation, and DNA repair.
- Specific histone phosphorylations are linked to cell cycle progression and centromere activity.
- Kinases and phosphatases modulate histone phosphorylation, with significant crosstalk between different PTMs.
Conclusions:
- Histone phosphorylation is a dynamic regulatory mechanism impacting chromatin.
- Understanding histone phosphorylation and its crosstalk is vital for comprehending gene regulation and cellular processes.
- Further research into kinases, phosphatases, and PTM interactions will elucidate epigenetic control.
Related Concept Videos
02:30Histone Variants at the Centromere
4.0K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
4.0K
01:13Centrioles and Centrosomes
6.9K
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
6.9K
01:59The Phragmoplast
5.0K
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
The...
5.0K
01:59The Phragmoplast
1.9K
1.9K
00:50Anaphase Promoting Complex
2.5K
The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
2.5K
02:39Positive Regulator Molecules
5.3K
Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
5.3K